1. Phoenicians & Tartessians
c. 1100–500 BCThe first cities of the western Mediterranean — trade routes, silver, and the kingdom that may have inspired the Atlantis myth.
The History of Andalucía
A long story told in chapters. Each era is a series of linked guides covering people, places and the legacy you can still see today.
2. Iberians
c. 600–200 BCPre-Roman cultures of the south — the sculptors of the Dama de Baza, the chariot-racing warriors of the Oretani.
3. Roman Hispania Baetica
218 BC – AD 409Itálica, Baelo Claudia and the olive economy that fed an empire. Andalucía was the wealthiest province in Roman Hispania.
4. Al-Andalus
711–1492Eight centuries of Moorish rule — the Caliphate of Córdoba, the Taifa kingdoms, and the last Nasrid emirate of Granada.
5. The Reconquista
1085–1492The Christian conquest of southern Iberia — crusades, court culture, and the surrender of Granada that ended eight centuries of Moorish rule.
6. The Spanish Inquisition
1478–1834Auto-da-fé, expulsions, and the long shadow cast across conversos, moriscos, and the intellectual life of southern Spain.
7. The Spanish Civil War
1936–1939Andalucía in the conflict — the fall of Málaga, the siege of Alcázar, and the long memory of a divided south.
8. Industrial Heritage
19th–20th c.Mines, railways, and the British in Río Tinto — the industrial revolution that came late and left a strange landscape.